中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所研究员尤海鲁在云南禄丰发掘新发现的恐龙化石。光明日报记者 张勇摄/光明图片
每天一起上山发掘的还有王涛的同事董啟兴,以及昆明理工大学古生物专业的两位研究生赵染尘和陈刘润玄。作为发掘团队后援的专家学者众多,有恐龙蛋研究专家王强、古脊椎所技术室冯文清、中国地质博物馆王娅明、北京自然博物馆张茜楠、中国地质科学院任鑫鑫、楚雄州古生物化石研究中心王国付等。
这3条沉睡了1.9亿年的恐龙是如何被发现的?2022年6月17日,昆明自然资源综合调查中心在距禄丰县城30公里的荒山上勘测时,助理工程师赵见波突然发现一片陡坡沙土中露出一块石头,疑似恐龙的腿骨化石,他马上联系王涛来现场查看,王涛很快就确定是恐龙腿骨化石,3条恐龙由此重见天日。
2022年12月28日,云南省自然资源厅在禄丰市恐龙谷宣布对近年来楚雄州相继发现的恐龙化石进行抢救性发掘保护,由中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所负责发掘。此次即将发掘的恐龙化石点共9个,其中禄丰市恐龙山镇1个,武定县万德镇2个,双柏县大庄、大麦地和安龙堡3个乡镇6个。
据云南省自然资源厅副厅长陈俊介绍,本次三地恐龙化石抢救性发掘工作,于2022年12月12日获得了自然资源部同意发掘批复。此次发现的恐龙化石多数位于斜坡上,整体埋藏较浅,骨骼形状清晰可辨,因周边土层风化严重,加之雨水冲刷等自然现象,已造成部分化石暴露于地表。实施抢救性发掘,切实保护好这些国家重点保护古生物化石资源迫在眉睫。
楚雄州享有“恐龙王国”“化石之仓”的美誉。这里曾经是恐龙繁衍生息的天堂。从1938年在禄丰县沙湾地区发现我国第一具完整的恐龙骨骼化石到现在,全州已经出土了410多具恐龙个体化石,其中较完好者70余具,并发现了大量的恐龙足印化石,尤其是早侏罗世的恐龙,现在已知有14种,占全国早侏罗世恐龙的64%,也是世界上同期保存最好的两个地点之一(另一地点为南非)。
专家对目前出露的部分恐龙化石进行初步分析,除双柏县大庄镇的恐龙化石属于侏罗纪中晚期外,其余8个点的化石均属于早侏罗世。其中,根据武定县万德镇发现的化石推断,当地恐龙生存时代是侏罗纪最早期,比禄丰盆地以禄丰龙为代表的恐龙动物群还要早。禄丰市待发掘的恐龙化石点位于川街盆地,初步判断新发现恐龙个体较大,将为该地恐龙与禄丰盆地恐龙对比研究提供科学依据,也将进一步推进禄丰恐龙多样性、分布及演化的深入研究。
“还有3天,就可以完成禄丰这3具恐龙化石的发掘,然后我们去武定县金沙江大峡谷发掘两个点的恐龙化石,春节后将转战双柏县,那里6个点的恐龙化石更多,我们将在8月份完成3个县的抢救性发掘工作。”王涛说。
“武定县的发掘点,有可能成为目前我国发现的最早的恐龙骨骼化石地点。”尤海鲁表示,“随着恐龙化石发掘工作的深入,更多更翔实的发现、研究、推演、还原,将勾勒出云南早侏罗世恐龙化石更为全面的存在现状,为研究生命起源和演化提供富有价值的科学依据。”
《光明日报》( 2023年01月04日 08版)
中新网评:美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后,美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕,众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录,将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
(文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎)