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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

新时代新征程新伟业·二十大精神在基层丨帕米尔雪山下的炉边夜话******

　　新华社乌鲁木齐12月26日电 题：帕米尔雪山下的炉边夜话

　　新华社记者刘红霞、杨湛菲、邵艺博

　　推开阿卜杜加米尔·努斯热提拉家的院门，一阵悠扬的歌声传了出来。安居房里，八九个人围坐在炕床上，一位柯尔克孜族大叔用民族乐器库姆孜欢快地弹唱着。炕床旁的炉子上，奶茶飘出阵阵清香。

　　这里是位于我国西部边陲的帕米尔高原。阿卜杜加米尔家所在的新疆克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州阿克陶县布伦口乡布伦口村，海拔大约3300米，四面长年雪山环绕。

　　一曲唱罢，大伙高兴地鼓起掌来。坐在炕床一角的，是33岁的布伦口乡党委书记李文娟。16日这晚，她来到布伦口村走访，村民们听说了，便热情地邀请李文娟加入聚会。

　　“刚才你们弹唱得很好听，今年收成怎么样？还不错吧？”李文娟问。

　　户主阿卜杜加米尔接过话茬：“我家有两个护边员，政府每月都发生活补贴，养了三十几头牦牛，还开了民宿，今年全家人均能挣两万来块钱。到明年，我家就有四五十头牦牛了，希望(人均)能挣到两万五千块钱。”

　　“你家还开了民宿？拜克加克西！”李文娟有些惊讶又十分欣喜，用柯尔克孜语夸赞他“非常好”。

　　夜访前的当天下午，李文娟和乡里同事们召开专题讨论会，学习党的二十大精神，谋划全面推进乡村振兴。

　　“我们乡的一大短板是产业发展不够深入，只是单纯地卖牦牛肉、卖冷水鱼。”布伦口乡乡长库尔班艾力·麦麦提艾力说，“下一步要利用好我们的畜牧业资源、自然资源，延长产业链，发展好旅游，带动群众进一步增收。”

　　布伦口乡是典型的边境乡、牧区乡。村民抬头便是被誉为“冰山之父”的慕士塔格峰，近处则是颇有名气的白沙湖。乡里牧民在饲养牦牛等牲畜的同时，积极参与到民宿经营上来，加上护边的稳定收入，增收有了更多盼头。

　　家里开美容店的、孩子大学毕业后在城里公司上班的、在乡里打工的……在这个边境乡镇，不少家庭都会有灵活就业的成员，整体收入更高一些。

　　那么，明年怎么能挣得更多呢？

　　“党的二十大报告中说要实现经济高质量发展，对于我们来说，高质量发展是一分钱一分钱算出来的。”李文娟循循善诱，“你们看，苏巴什村在旅游旺季搞白牦牛骑行，一天能挣个500块钱，一年六到八个月是旅游旺季，有的老乡能挣到九万块钱。”

　　“是啊，明年我们也来试试，把吃牦牛、看牦牛、骑牦牛都好好弄一弄。”

　　“我们的民族特色《玛纳斯》说唱，也要好好给游客们展示。”

　　“我们村最多的就是石头，回头是不是建些有特色的‘石头民宿’？”

　　……

　　乡亲们你一言我一语。院子外，不大的村落静谧安详，点点灯光为凛冽的高原夜色增添了暖意。屋子里，热腾腾的炉子旁，大家伙儿脸上红扑扑的。户主家九岁的小女儿阿依克热木·阿卜杜加米尔坐在大人中间，捧着小脸，眼里亮晶晶，似乎也在琢磨自己的来年目标。

　　坚持农业农村优先发展，坚持城乡融合发展，畅通城乡要素流动……党的二十大报告，为全面推进乡村振兴擘画了宏伟蓝图。身为党代表的李文娟从北京返回边疆后，“头等大事”就是用老百姓听得懂的语言，深入学习宣讲贯彻落实党的二十大精神。

　　夜深了，走访也接近尾声，村民们从温暖的炉边起身回家。仲冬的帕米尔高原，繁星闪烁。乡亲们的脚步，轻快而坚定……

　　(新华网)

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）