10月16日,中国共产党第二十次全国代表大会在北京人民大会堂隆重开幕。 中新社记者 蒋启明 摄
中国用几十年时间走完了发达国家几百年走过的工业化历程,实现全面脱贫、小康梦想成真,创造了一个个经济社会发展奇迹,从“现代化的迟到国”转变为“世界现代化的增长极”。这是中国式现代化的“完成时部分”。
“全面小康之后还要现代化”,从全面建成小康社会到基本实现社会主义现代化,再到全面建成社会主义现代化强国,是中国式现代化的“进行时部分”。最终要在新中国成立一百年时,把中国建设成“一个幸福的国家、一个现代化的国家”。
在此节点,中共二十大发出全面建成社会主义现代化强国、实现第二个百年奋斗目标的动员令,并基于一系列实践经验,对中国式现代化进行了系统阐释。
“现代化”曾被视为“西方的发明”,话语基本为西方所垄断。中国人民大学习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究院副院长王义桅认为,“中国正在给人类现代化留下自己的定义”。
中央党校(国家行政学院)马克思主义学院院长张占斌则指出,中国式现代化“使世界现代化道路和现代化模式由单数变为复数,重构了世界现代化理论新谱系”。
回顾历史,西方国家率先走上现代化之路,将现代化与西方化划等号一度盛行。一些“非西方国家”照搬西方现代化模式,反而迷失了自己,陷入发展陷阱。
正如习近平17日在参加中共二十大广西代表团讨论时强调,中国式现代化扎根中国大地,切合中国实际。
中国基于国情走出一条“非西方化的现代化”之路,向世界表明“走得对、走得通”,也能“走得稳、走得好”。
王义桅认为,中国式现代化是一种“自己主场的现代化”,启迪发展中国家走符合自身国情的现代化道路,增强他们“你能够成为你自己,实现万类霜天竞自由”的信心。
置于世界现代化版图上看,复旦大学马克思主义研究院副院长周文指出,现代化不是西方经典模式的单选题,而是世界各国共同探索的开放题。
不仅如此,中国式现代化对于当前西方现代化困境也具有观照意义。
中共二十大报告概括了中国式现代化的五大特征——人口规模巨大的现代化,全体人民共同富裕的现代化,物质文明和精神文明相协调的现代化,人与自然和谐共生的现代化,走和平发展道路的现代化。
与之相对照,西方现代化被认为是“以资本为中心的现代化、两极分化的现代化、物质主义膨胀的现代化、对外扩张掠夺的现代化”。
在周文看来,中国式现代化凸显人与人、人与自然、人的物质世界与精神世界的和谐,而西方现代化制造了一种冲突感,贫富分化、社会失序等乱象预示着西方现代化模式的失灵,“西方需要调整观察世界的视角”。
从面向未来的维度上看,中国式现代化所蕴含的进步的价值底色,尤其是注重人与自然关系和谐、国与国关系和谐,对人类如何应对世界之变、时代之变、历史之变具有破题意义。
当前,世界百年大变局加速演进,从地缘冲突到环境问题,人类社会面临一系列风险。破坏性、扩张性的现代化老路,已遭到越来越多质疑。人类未来需要新的价值参照。
实现高质量发展、促进人与自然和谐共生、推动构建人类命运共同体……这些表明,中国式现代化是可分享、可持续、具有包容性的现代化,契合人类未来。
从文明的高度来看这份现代化的中国方案,王义桅认为“它不仅推动中华民族永续发展,也推动人类文明永续发展”。(完)
中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事****** 中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。 资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。 日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。 日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。 事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。 因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。 日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。 《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。 德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。 日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。 国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。 太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。 Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business By John Lee (ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year. Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business. The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster. On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year. The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public. In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run. Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public. The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution. The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community. The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses. According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan. As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment. However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact. Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad. The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies. If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
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